The 22c stamp issued by Singapore with a clipper ship has in the top on the left side another watercraft which is named by Stanley Gibbons Ships on Stamps as a Tongkang
Tongkang or "Tong'kang" refers to several types of boats used to carry goods along rivers and shoreline in Maritime Southeast Asia. One of the earliest records of tongkang comes from 15th century Malay Annals. One passage mentioned it as being used by Majapahit empire during the 1350 attack on Singapura.
Etymology
Because the majority of tongkangs were built, used, and manned by Chinese people, it is frequently assumed that the name was a Chinese word. In fact, "tongkang" is certainly a Malay word, and probably derived from bělongkang (properly përahu bèlongkang, a pěrahu jalur with strakes added to increase the freeboard), a word which was formerly used in Sumatra for a river cargo boat.
Description
The tongkang was an unmotorised open cargo boat, propelled by a variety of methods, including rowing, punt poles, and sail.
The early tongkangs were about 20-ton burthen or less; they were propelled by about ten rowers and guided by a steersman. Long punt poles were used to propel them in shallower water. The size of the tongkang increased around 1860.
The tongkang was one of the two traditional Malay ships using junk rig with local hulls instead of the Chinese Junk hull. Its hull design was more reminiscent of the dhow type used in South Asia and Western Asia than to the common Chinese or Far-eastern type. Besides the Junk Rig, the ketch rig was also used on the tongkang. The last tongkangs in Singapore were towed by a motorized launch.
Types of tongkang
Because the term "tongkang" is applied to several types of boats, the description of each boat is not necessarily the same.
The old Singapore sailing lighter. Originally the Tamil-manned lighter brought to Singapore in the 1820s. Later a western-style lighter hull, double-ended, usually with a single mast setting a large loose-footed dipping lugsail, and frequently manned by Chinese. These latter boats still survive, but they are no longer propelled by sails.
Tongkang tunda, meaning "towed tongkang". European-style lighter hull, double-ended, usually with a single mast setting a large loose-footed dipping lugsail, and frequently manned by Chinese. These boats still survive, but they are no longer propelled by sails. Hull length is 50–80 feet (15–24 m).
Tongkang Melayu, manned by Malays. Typically a double-ended lighter hull, ketch-rigged with standing gaffs and two headsails. No stern gallery and a western-style rudder. Some had transom sterns. The hull length is 30–75 feet (9.1–22.9 m).
Penang sailing lighter. Western-style lighter hull, with a transom stern and 1 mast with a large loose-footed dipping lugsail and a single headsail, or a Bermuda-headed mainsail and one headsail. Formerly also double-ended, generally with 2 masts, setting a large lugsail on the mainmast. No stern gallery and a western-style rudder. Normally manned by men from southern India. Hull length is 50–80 feet (15–24 m).
Singapore timber tongkang. A heavy, wide hull with a transom stern, 2 masts, and with a long bowsprit. They are ketch-rigged with standing gaffs, no topsails, two or three headsails. A stern gallery and Chinese rudder. Manned by Chinese. Hull length is 85–95 feet (26–29 m).
Singapore trader: General purpose trading boat, now used mostly for carrying firewood. Hull similar to Singapore timber tongkang, but less beamy: stepping two or three masts, each setting a single high-peaked Chinese junk sail. Manned by Chinese. Hull length: 40–85 feet (12–26 m).
There are references to the activity of these boats in Singapore, where a Chinese document, refers to the Southern bank around Read Bridge area, as cha chun tau meaning "jetty for boats carrying firewood". Small tongkangs carrying firewood from the Indonesian archipelago berthed at this jetty. The firewood trade was primarily a Teochew enterprise.
A tongkang in full sail appeared on the reverse of the 1990 and 1992 Singapore dollar 2 $ currency notes. Tongkang LRT station was named after this boat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongkang
Singapore 1955 10c sg 44, scott? 1999 22c sg 980, scott?