PROJECT 613 WHISKY CLASS SUBMARINES

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aukepalmhof
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PROJECT 613 WHISKY CLASS SUBMARINES

Post by aukepalmhof » Fri Apr 30, 2021 8:28 pm

The Whisky class diesel-electric attack submarine was built between 1950 and 1958 on yards in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy.
Displacement: 1,045 ton surface, 1,342 submerged, dim. 76 x 6.3 x 5.26m. max draught.
Powered by two 37D diesels each 2,000 hp and two electric motors PG-101 each 1,350 hp., two fixed propellers, speed surfaced 18.3 knots, submerged 13.1 knots.
Range by a speed of 10 knots 8,580 miles.
Under snorkel 353 miles against 2 knots
Armament: 6 × 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes (4 bow + 2 stern) for:12 × torpedoes or, 22 × mines.
1 × single-mounted 25 mm (1.0 in) AA gun. 2 × single-mounted 57 mm (2.2 in) AA gun
Crew 55.

Whiskey-class submarines (known in the Soviet Union as Projects 613, 644, and 665) are a class of diesel-electric attack submarines that the Soviet Union built in the early Cold War period.

Design
The initial design was developed in the early 1940s as a sea-going follow-on to the S-class submarine. As a result of war experience and the capture of German technology at the end of the war, the Soviets issued a new design requirement in 1946. The revised design was developed by the Lazurit Design Bureau based in Gorkiy. Like most conventional submarines designed 1946–1960, the design was heavily influenced by the Type XXI U-boat.

Patrol variants
Between 1949 and 1958 a total of 236 of an envisaged 340 submarines of this type were commissioned into the Soviet Navy. The vessels were initially designed as coastal patrol submarines. These patrol variants are known in the west as Whiskey I, II, III, IV, and V and were called Project 613 in the Soviet Union.
Whiskey I − twin 25 mm (1.0 in) guns in the conning tower
Whiskey II − twin 57 mm (2.2 in) guns and twin 25 mm guns
Whiskey III − guns removed
Whiskey IV − 25 mm guns - fitted with snorkel
Whiskey V − no guns - streamlined conning tower and snorkel

Missile variants
Whiskey Twin Cylinder submarine
In the 1950s and 1960s, some Whiskey submarines were converted to guided missile submarines, with the capability to fire one to four SS-N-3 Shaddock cruise missiles. In 1956, the first prototype was ready. It was a regular Whiskey class modified with a launch tube aft of the sail containing a single SS-N-3c. This vessel was known in the West as Whiskey Single Cylinder. Between 1958 and 1960, six additional Whiskey-class submarines were converted to carry guided missiles. These boats had two missile tubes behind the sail and were known in the west as the Whiskey Twin Cylinder, and Project 644 boats by the Soviets.
Between 1960 and 1963, six boats received an extended sail that could contain four Shaddock missiles. These were called Whiskey Long Bin in the West and Project 665 in the Soviet Union.[3] All guided missile variants of the Whiskey class carried the P-5/ NATO SS-N-3c Shaddock land-attack missile and had to surface in order to fire their missiles. The boats of the single and twin cylinder class also had to raise their missile tubes, which were normally positioned horizontally.
The "Long Bin" boats did not handle well, with the launch tubes causing stability problems, and water flow around the missile fittings was very noisy. All were soon retired from service. Four were converted to Project 640 radar picket boats (called Whiskey Canvas Bag in the West). Two were converted for 'fishery research' and 'oceanographic research' purposes. In the Soviet Navy, the patrol variants of this class were replaced by the Romeo class. The guided-missile variants were replaced by the Juliett class.
Production program

Model of ORP Orzeł
The Soviet Union built a total of 236 or 215 Whiskeys (sources vary; it appears the initial 21 Chinese-built boats are often included with the Soviet boats). Vice Admiral Burov, head of the Soviet Defense Ministry's Shipbuilding Institute from 1969 to 1983, confirms 215 units built.[3]

Year Gorkiy Nikolayev Baltic Komsomolsk Total
1951 1 – – – 1
1952 4 5 – – 9
1953 19 11 – – 30
1954 29 14 – 1 44
1955 37 18 8 4 67
1956 26 15 4 4 49
1957 – 9 3 2 14
1958 – – 1 – 1
Total 116 72 16 11 215

Patrol submarines of the Whiskey class were exported to:
Albania (four vessels, all retired) which were based at Porto Palermo
Bulgaria (two vessels, retired)
China (five vessels, and another 21 built locally from parts provided by the Soviet Union, known as Type 03, all now retired)
Egypt (seven vessels, retired)
Indonesia (twelve vessels, and two as a source of spare parts, retired)
North Korea (four vessels, inactive and likely retired)
Poland (four vessels, 1962–1986, retired)
ORP Orzeł (292)
ORP Bielik (295)
ORP Sokół (293)
ORP Kondor (294) – 10 June 1965 raising of the banner, 30 October 1985 lowering of the banner.
Cuba and Syria ordered used Whiskey-class submarines for use as battery charging hulks. The Syrian Navy boats were ex-Soviet Navy S-167, S-171, and S-183. The Cuban navy acquired an ex-Soviet boat for Foxtrot class submarine training. The guided-missile and radar picket boats were never exported.

By 1982, only 60 boats remained in the Soviet Navy (45 active, 15 in operational reserve); all were retired by the end of the Cold War.
Incidents involving Whiskey-class submarines
On 27 January 1961, S-80 was lost due to accidental flooding while the boat was submerged. The valve that should have prevented water from entering the snorkel did not work properly.
On 24 November 1972, the Kobben-class submarine KNM SKLINNA of the Royal Norwegian Navy had "contact" with what they presumed was a Whiskey-class submarine, after 14 days of "hunt" in Sognefjord. Military documents released in 2009 confirm this episode. On 21 October 1981, S-178 was run down by the merchant vessel Refrizherator-13 in Golden Horn Bay, Vladivostok.
On 27 October 1981, S-363 ran aground in Swedish territorial waters near the Karlskrona naval base.
On 19 June 1984, a Whiskey-class submarine was caught in a fishing net and surfaced within the Norwegian economic exclusive zone. On 5 February 2007, the decommissioned S-194 took on water and sank off the coast of Denmark while being towed to become part of a naval museum. In 2009 a previously unknown and unidentified sunken Whiskey-class submarine was discovered within Sweden's EEZ close to the island of Gotland. It was a decommissioned submarine that sank while under tow to be scrapped in Denmark. News of the discovery was not made public until March 2011.

Surviving examples
S-189 is preserved as a museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. KRI PASOPATI (ex-S-290) is preserved in Surabaya, Indonesia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey-class_submarine
2020 St Tome et Principe 2020 124Db sgMS?, Scott? and 4 x 31 Db sg?, Scott?
Attachments
Whisky class Project 613 S-189_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg
2020 project 613.jpg

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