Black Karraka
Posted: Sun Jan 30, 2011 3:35 pm
Good day the Shipstamps team! I send you 2 messages on the stamps in English. Maybe I did мistakes.I sorry about that. Black karraka Anatol.Sun Jan 30.01.2011.Nanban (南蛮 lit. "Southern Barbarian") is a sino-Japanese word which originally designated people from South Asia and South-East Asia. It followed a Chinese usage in which surrounding "barbarian" people in the four directions had each their own designation, the southern barbarians being called Nanman. In Japan, the word took on a new meaning when it came to designate Europeans, the first of whom were Portuguese, arriving in 1543. The word later came to encompass the Spanish, the Dutch (though these were more commonly known as "Kōmō", 紅毛, meaning "Red Hair") and the English. The first three Europeans to reach Japan in the year 1543 were the Portuguese traders António da Mota, António Peixoto and Francisco Zeimoto (also presumably Fernão Mendes Pinto), arriving on a Chinese ship at the southern island of Tanegashima where they introduced their weapons for trade to the local people they met on the island.<неиSoon after the first contacts in 1543, Portuguese ships started to arrive in Japan. At that time, there were already trade exchanges between Portugal and Goa (since around 1515), consisting of 3 to 4 carracks leaving Lisbon with silver to purchase cotton and spices in India. Out of these, only one carrack went on to China in order to purchase silk, also in exchange for Portuguese silver.Accordingly, the cargo of the first Portuguese ships (usually about 4 smaller-sized ships every year) arriving in Japan almost entirely consisted of Chinese goods (silk, porcelain). The Japanese were very much looking forward to acquiring such goods, but had been prohibited from any contacts with China by the Emperor of China, as a punishment for wakō pirate raids. The Portuguese therefore found the opportunity to act as intermediaries in Asian trade.<неи<неиFrom the time of the acquisition of Macau in 1557, and their formal recognition as trade partners by the Chinese, the Portuguese Crown started to regulate trade to Japan, by selling to the highest bidder the annual "Capitaincy" to Japan, in effect conferring exclusive trading rights for a single carrack bound for Japan every year. The carracks were very large ships, usually between 1000 and 1500 tons, about double or triple the size of a regular galleon or a large junk. Since the hull was painted black, then it was called "black ships" or "Black karraka”. One of many things the Japanese were interested in were Portuguese guns. At that time, Japan was in the middle of a civil war called the Sengoku period (Period of the country at war) That trade continued with few interruptions until 1638, when it was prohibited on the ground that the ships were smuggling priests into Japan. Portuguese trade was progressively more and more challenged by Chinese smugglers on junks, Japanese Red Seal Ships from around 1592 (about ten ships every year), Spanish ships from Manila from around 1600 (about one ship a year), the Dutch from 1609, the English from 1613 (about one ship per year). "Black karraka" had weak armor and low speed and was a desirable "prize" for various piratov.Izvestna history karraki Santa Catarina: It was loaded with products from China and Japan, including 1,200 bales of Chinese raw silk in the amount of 2.2 million guilders and was captured by the Dutch East India Company (also known as VOCs) in February, 1603g near Singapore. <неиLater the Portuguese were completely excluded from the archipelago in 1641, after the promulgation of "Sakoku" Seclusion Edicts. Japon 0,32 0,80 SG
From Wikipedia
From Wikipedia