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The warship on the stamp is identified by Mr. Peter Crichton as the USS CHARLES F. ADAMS (DDG-2) and by looking on a blow-up of the stamp you can see vague the pennant No 2, so he is correct, also the outline of the ship is the same as on the stamp.
The Soviet freighter on the stamp must be one of the fast turbine Leninskiy Komisol Class vessels, a search on the internet found at least one of this class took part in the Cuban Crises in 1962, she was the METALLURG KURAKO.
Comparing the ship with a drawing of the ship in Soviet Bloc Merchant Ships by Bock, she must be the ship.

Built as a cargo vessel under yard No 567 by Khersonskiy yard at Kherson for the Soviet Government.
Launched under the name METALLURG KURAKO.
Tonnage 11.243 grt, 6.066 net, 16.003 dwt., 169.9 x 21.8 x 9.7m. Length bpp. 158.8m.
Powered by two steam turbines geared to a single shaft, manufactured by the Kirov Works, Leningrad, 13.000 shp, speed 19 knots.
21 January 1961 completed. Managed by the U.S.S.R Black Sea Shipping Co.

The stamp shows her during the Cuban crises in 1962 when she is shadowed by the USS CHARLES F. ADAMS. It looks that she carried a deck-cargo, so most probably underway to Cuba.

1986 Sold by U.S.S.R. Black Sea Shipping Co., to Furusawa Kozei Co. Ltd, who began demolition at Etajima, Japan 15 November 1986.

On Marshall Islands 1995 55c sg 603.

Sources: http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz Marine News 1987/118. Soviet Bloc Merchant Ships by Bruno and Klaus Bock. Soviet Merchant Ships by Ambrose Greenway.

The warship on the stamp is identified by Mr. Peter Crichton as the USS CHARLES F. ADAMS (DDG-2) and by looking on a blow-up of the stamp you can see vague the pennant No 2, so he is correct, also the outline of the ship is the same as on the stamp.
The Soviet freighter on the stamp must be one of the fast turbine Leninskiy Komisol Class vessels, a search on the internet found at least one of this class took part in the Cuban Crises in 1962, she was the METALLURG KURAKO.
Comparing the ship with a drawing of the ship in Soviet Bloc Merchant Ships by Bock, she must be the ship. Mr. Gennadiy Sitnikov from Russia wrote to my that at least 9 ship of this class were in service during the Cuban Crisis in October 1962, so we can not be sure she is the METALLURG KURAKO, till we have found the photo after the stamp was designed.
I found the following URL http://jfk14thday.com/tracking-soviet-ships-october-23/ in which is given the ships used during the Cuban Crises and can find four of this class used in that time around Cuba.
LENINSKIY KOMSOMOL
METALLURG KURAKO
YURI GAGARIN
METALLURG ANOSOV (you can find her in the index.)
All were of the 567 type ship design

.Built as a cargo vessel under yard No 567 by Khersonskiy yard at Kherson for the Soviet Government.
Launched under the name METALLURG KURAKO.
Tonnage 11.243 grt, 6.066 net, 16.003 dwt., 169.9 x 21.8 x 9.7m. Length bpp. 158.8m.
Powered by two steam turbines geared to a single shaft, manufactured by the Kirov Works, Leningrad, 13.000 shp, speed 19 knots.
21 January 1961 completed. Managed by the U.S.S.R Black Sea Shipping Co.

The stamp shows her during the Cuban crises in 1962 when she is shadowed by the USS CHARLES F. ADAMS. It looks that she carried a deck-cargo, so most probably underway to Cuba.

1986 Sold by U.S.S.R. Black Sea Shipping Co., to Furusawa Kozei Co. Ltd, who began demolition at Etajima, Japan 15 November 1986.

The other vessels of this class were all built on the same yard between 1959 and 1966; all have about the same tonnage, dimensions and engine. I will give below the four ships which were in service during the Cuban missiles crisis.

The other vessels are LENINSKIY KOMSOMOL built under yard No 1201.
25 September 1957 keel laid down.
Launched as the LENINSKIY KOMSOMOL, named after the younger brother of Lenin.
23 December 1959 completed.

1986 Renamed UNGUR by the Black Sea Shipping Co, Russia.
1988 Scrapped.

YURIY GAGARIN built under yard No 1204.
20 December 1959 keel laid down.
22 April 1961 launched as the YURIY GAGARIN.
30 June 1961 completed.

1986 Sold by U.S.S.R-Black Sea Shipping Co, Russia to Zuru Maritime Co. Lt., Cayman Islands and renamed YURIY.
02 July 1986 arrived at Kaohsiung, Taiwan and scrapped by Sing Cheng Yung Iron & Steel Co.


Sources: http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz Marine News 1987/118. Soviet Bloc Merchant Ships by Bruno and Klaus Bock. Soviet Merchant Ships by Ambrose Greenway. Marine News.